Cov Khoom Muag Ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hotspots hauv Aerospace Advanced Composite Materials
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab hlau, polymers, thiab ceramics hu ua plaub yam khoom loj. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua lag luam qib ntawm ib lub teb chaws lossis cheeb tsam tau dhau los ua ib qho kev ntsuas los ntsuas nws lub zog thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke zoo heev yog qhov kev sib tw kom zoo dua rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws thiab kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Ntawm lawv, epoxy resins yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev. Hauv thaj chaw ntawm fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, epoxy resins ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Nws yog compounded nrog high-kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau PAN-raws li carbon fiber, S los yog E iav fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, thiab basalt fiber, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb irreplaceable matrix khoom thiab cov khoom siv, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob fais fab, aerospace, khoom siv ua kis las, lub tsev txhawb nqa, cov kav dej siab, tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lwm yam rau rau thaj chaw. Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws ntawm aerospace advanced resin matrix composites thiab cov teeb meem thiab cov lus qhia uas Tuam Tshoj tab tom kawm.
Txhim kho fibers siv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw
Kev sib piv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv fiber ntau siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog qhia hauv Table 1. Cov khoom ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv tau muab piv. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Table 1 tias qhov tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov iav fiber ntau ib leeg tau nce los ntawm 540 feem pua thiab 31 feem pua , feem, piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv hlau, thiab kev txhim kho cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia, lub theoretical lub zog ntawm ib leeg-crystal graphite xam los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus zog thiab daim ntawv cog lus ceev yog siab li 150 GPa. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov loj heev. Nyiv lub tuam txhab Toray lub zeem muag lub hom phiaj yog ua kom carbon fiber tensile lub zog ntawm 8.5GPa, modulus 730GPa. Tsis tas yuav hais, carbon fiber tseem yuav yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws lub cev muaj zog thiab cov nozzles yav tom ntej.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam kev siv ntawm carbon fiber composites yog heev cog lus, xws li aircraft thiab high-ceev tsheb ciav hlau braking systems, civil aircraft thiab automotive composite lug, high-kev ua tau zoo carbon fiber bearings, loj hniav rau cua turbines, cov khoom ua si (xws li skis. , rackets, nuv ntses rods), thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau ntau thiab maj mam poob ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, daim ntawv thov cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau hauv cov pob zeb muaj zog, cov khoom siv cua sov tshiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub tseem yuav nthuav dav sai. Txhawm rau koom tes nrog Beijing Olympic Games, kuv lub teb chaws npaj yuav siv zog tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev CFRP tshiab thiab cov khoom lag luam siab CFRP tshiab ntsig txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom siv.
Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog cov khoom siv muaj zog, siab-modulus. Hauv txoj kev xav, feem ntau cov organic fibers tuaj yeem ua rau carbon fibers. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic fibers uas tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw rau carbon fibers: viscose fiber, pitch fiber, thiab polyacrylonitrile fiber. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj carbon fibers siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws tam sim no yog ua los ntawm polyacrylonitrile fibers.
Aerospace cob matrix composites
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam, txhua 1 kilogram ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub dav hlau tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tso tawm los ntawm 500 kilograms, thiab tus nqi ntawm kev xa xov hluav taws xob yog kaum lab daus las. Tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ua rau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua kom hnyav thiab ua haujlwm siab. Lub epoxy-raws li cov khoom siv lub cav npog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem filament winding yog resistant rau corrosion, kub thiab hluav taws xob, thiab muaj tsawg ntom, zoo rigidity, siab zog thiab ruaj khov loj. Piv txwv li, missile warheads thiab satellite fairings, cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant rau spacecraft, thiab solar cell array substrates yog tag nrho cov ua los ntawm epoxy-raws li thiab epoxy-phenolic-raws li fiber reinforced cov ntaub ntawv. Rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm aerospace davhlau thiab nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, raws li cov khoom siv, nws yuav tsum muaj lub teeb yuag, lub zog siab, kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov, thiab epoxy carbon fiber ntau cov khoom tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau.
Cov khoom siv txhawb zog siv hauv kev ua haujlwm siab epoxy composites yog cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau (CF) thiab hybrid fibers ntawm CF thiab aramid fibers (K-49) lossis lub zog iav fiber ntau (S-GF). Cov epoxy resin siv los ua cov khoom siv matrix suav txog li 90 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab. Cov txheej txheem molding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo feem ntau siv unidirectional prepreg qhuav layup, thiab autoclave curing thiab molding. High-performance epoxy composites tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam aircraft. Ua piv txwv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, xyoo 1960, boron / epoxy composite cov ntaub ntawv tau siv rau cov tawv nqaij dav hlau thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Vim yog cov nqi siab ntawm boron fibers, carbon / epoxy composites tau hloov mus rau carbon / epoxy composites nyob rau hauv 1970s thiab tsim sai heev. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem. Thawj theem yog siv rau cov khoom siv nrog lub zog me me, xws li ntau yam kev tswj qhov chaw, rudder nto, spoilers, ailerons, flaps, rub daim hlau, tsaws iav qhov rooj, lub cav npog thiab lwm yam khoom siv thib ob. Qhov thib ob theem yog siv rau cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom loj, xws li stabilizers, tag nrho cov lus tsa suab kab rov tav tails, thiab lub ntsiab load-bearing tis tis. Qhov thib peb theem yog siv rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, xws li lub fuselage, lub hauv paus tis lub thawv, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, qhov hnyav tuaj yeem yog 20 feem pua rau 30 feem pua. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ntawm cov tub rog dav hlau tau mus txog li 25 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, suav txog 80 feem pua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov piv txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab epoxy cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov tub rog txawv teb chaws thiab pej xeem dav hlau.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev lag luam aerospace, cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kuj tau siv dav. Piv txwv li, tom qab siv C / EP, lub khob hliav qab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Trident missile tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav li ntawm 25 feem pua rau 30 feem pua thiab txuag kev ua haujlwm li ntawm 50 feem pua. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa thiab 55 qhov chaw pabcuam xws li kev txhawb nqa gyro, ejection lub tog raj kheej txhawb lub nplhaib, ejection roller support, inertial device puab txhawb nqa thiab roj teeb kev txhawb nqa ntawm Trident missile. Vim qhov hnyav txo, qhov ntau yog nce los ntawm 342km. Shields thiab interstages rau Delta foob pob hluav taws kuj yog tsim los ntawm C / EP. Cov kav hlau txais xov, kav hlau txais xov brackets, hnub ci cell thav duab thiab microwave lim ntawm Asmeskas satellites thiab dav hlau yog txhua yam tsim los ntawm C / EP. C/EP yog siv los ua tus kav hlau txais xov kev txhawb nqa qauv thiab qhov chaw loj ntawm Intelsat V. Lub dav hlau dav hlau Air Voyager siv K-49/EP rau cov kav hlau txais xov siab subreflectors thiab cov tawv nqaij sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm honeycomb sandwich qauv. Qhov chaw shuttle siv Nomex honeycomb C / EP cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua cov kaus mom loj, C / EP tail cabin structural panels, thiab lwm yam.
