Muaj ntau qhov zoo siab siv & kev siv ntawm Carbon Fiber Composites

 

Carbon Fiber Composites yog dab tsi?

Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw muaj xws li cov fiber ntau reinforcing encapsulated hauv polymer resin. Muaj ntau hom resin formulations thiab hom fibers siv nyob rau hauv composites, tab sis carbon fiber sawv tawm raws li ib tug tivthaiv pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov khoom ua tau zoo -. Hauv cov ntawv thov uas txo qhov hnyav thaum tsim lub zog siab ua ntej, carbon fiber yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv ntau cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke.

 

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv sib xyaw txhua qhov chaw muaj zog thiab lub teeb yuag yog qhov zoo dua; Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv high-sportscars, racecars, siab- nkoj ua tau zoo, dav hlau & aerospace tsheb, cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv ncaws pob xws li, caij ski, snowboards, tennis rackets, golf clubs thiab ntau pua ntawm lwm yam khoom.

 

Cov ntawv thov rau carbon fiber composites tau loj hlob ntawm qhov nrawm dua li kev lag luam dav dav raws li kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke nce ntxiv. Economists kwv yees qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam thaum thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv tshuab loj hlob tuaj. Xav paub yuav ua li cas carbon fiber composites tsim siab - cov khoom ua tau zoo lossis nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov hnyav - txo? Kawm paub ntxiv txog kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, thiab yuav ua li cas koom nrog rau yav tom ntej ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuab.

 

Carbon Fiber yog dab tsi?

Cov pa roj carbon fiber, tseem hu ua graphite fiber, yog cov khoom siv muaj zog, hnav ua los ntawm ntau pua tus neeg carbon filaments uas yog yim npaug dua li tib neeg cov plaub hau. Cov filaments yog tsim los ntawm carbon atoms sib txuas ua ke hauv cov saw ntev. Los ntawm qhov hnyav, cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog tsib zaug muaj zog dua li cov hlau thiab ob zaug ua kom tawv nqaij los ntawm nws lub zog tensile siab.

Carbon Fiber ua li cas?

Cov pa roj carbon filaments pib nrog cov acrylic -raws li yas hu ua polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Cov txheej txheem ntau- kauj ruam pib los ntawm cua sov thiab tig cov polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers mus rau hauv filaments. Cov filaments no ces rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm ib ncig ntawm 3,000 F, nyob rau hauv oxidation thiab carbonization uas tshem tawm cov uas tsis yog - carbon ntsiab lus thiab aligns cov pa roj carbon atoms rau hauv nruj nreem - ntim crystals. Cov txiaj ntsig carbon fibers tom qab ntawd tau txais kev kho mob saum npoo, tau sib sau ua ke thiab qhwv hauv spools. Cov fibers no ces yog ua pawg nyob rau hauv cov pob loj uas hu ua carbon "tow" los yog woven rau hauv fabrics.

 

Yuav siv carbon fiber li cas?

Cov hlua ntawm cov hlua khi los yog cov ntaub npuag yog saturated nrog cov khoom siv polymer, xws li epoxy, thiab zoo li tus pwm. Cov resin kho encapsulates cov pa roj carbon filaments thiab tsim ib tug nruj matrix nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov resin matrix (epoxy) thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau (carbon) tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon fiber reinforced composites yog lub teeb yuag, rigidity thiab siab tensile lub zog.

 

Kaj ntug ntawm Carbon Fiber

Cov keeb kwm ntawm carbon fiber hnub mus rau lub xyoo pua puv 19 thaum Thomas Edison siv carbon fibers ua filaments rau kev sim teeb thaum ntxov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1950 uas carbon fibers tau tsim los ua cov khoom siv siab - zog.

Kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau los ua cov khoom sib xyaw pib hauv xyoo 1958. Dr. Roger Bacon, Union Carbide, tsim cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau los ntawm cua sov strands ntawm rayon txog li 3,000 degrees F mus txog thaum lawv carbonized. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov ua ntej rau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub carbon fiber ntau lawm. Xyoo 1960 tau pom thawj qhov kev lag luam ntawm carbon fibers siv cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm Union Carbide. Lub peev xwm ntawm carbon fibers raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke tau lees paub thiab Rolls Royce tau pib muab lawv tso rau hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau.

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, kev lag luam aerospace tau tsav kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab ua ke thiab kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau ua kom zoo dua thiab ua kom zoo dua qub. Cov haiv neeg tau siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau cov qauv uas txo qhov hnyav thiab nce lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb. Vim tias cov roj carbon fiber ntau raug nqi ntau dua li lwm cov khoom siv fiber ntau nws tau hloov mus rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas tus nqi yog qhov thib ob rau kev ua haujlwm.

Hauv xyoo 1980, qhov kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau carbon fiber ntau tau tshwm sim thaum cov ntaub ntawv no tau pib ua rau lawv txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam khoom kis las. Skis, snowboards, tennis rackets, golf clubs, nuv ntses ncej thiab tsheb kauj vab thav duab tau pib muaj cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau rau lawv qhov hnyav thiab siab - cov yam ntxwv muaj zog. Hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, pib, kev sib tw lub cev muaj zog, thiab kev lag luam marine pib sim nrog cov pa roj carbon fiber kom txo cov tsheb hnyav thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv thov tau nce qib engineering paub- yuav ua li cas rau kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Los ntawm xyoo 1990, kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau loj hlob raws li cov neeg tsim khoom tau pom txoj hauv kev los txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau. Qhov no tau ua rau kev siv dav dav, suav nrog hauv kev tsim kho thiab cua tshuab hluav taws xob.

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 2000s. Cov khoom siv no tsis txwv rau cov ntawv thov siab - kawg tab sis tau siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ob xyoos tom ntej no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau siv ntau dua -cov ntaub ntawv profile xws li Boeing 787 thiab Airbus A350 airliners. Kev lag luam automotive tau txais kev sib tw lub cev muaj zog- txhawb nqa kev sib xyaw tshuab thiab siab - nkoj kawg ntawm txhua hom siv cov pa roj carbon sib xyaw ua cov qauv tseem ceeb. Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej engineering xws li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov kua dej sib xyaw ua ke yog tsav puas tau - nce kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv rau cov khoom sib xyaw no.

 

Qee Cov Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob

Niaj hnub no, ib daim ntawv thov rau carbon fiber composites tshwm nyob rau hauv tsis tu ncua. Thaum yav dhau los, carbon fiber yog txawv thiab kim, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom carbon fiber ntau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam xws li:

 

Tubrog nkoj

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab - kev sib tw ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo lawm. America's Cup nkoj yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev coj cov thev naus laus zis mus rau qhov txwv, nrog cov qauv carbon fiber uas sib tw aerospace kev tsim kho. Cov nkoj tsim khoom tau nce kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ua haujlwm nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv sib dua thiab nrawm dua.

 

Automotive

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau siv ntau hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv no thawj zaug pom siv nyob rau hauv Formula 1 thiab Indy tsheb, uas yog thaum ntxov adopters ntawm aerospace technology. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nqis los rau cov kab txawv siab - kawg tsheb kis las thiab tam sim no tab tom ua nws txoj hauv kev rau cov tsheb tsim khoom. "Lightweighting" yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim tsheb los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. NASCAR tsis ntev los no tau hloov mus rau lub cev sib xyaw rau Cup Series tsheb. Cov cev tshiab no tau ua pov thawj tias tawv heev nws tau hloov cov qauv kev sib tw vim tias cov tsheb tuaj yeem zam kev tsim txom ntau dua.

 

Kev thauj mus los

Kev lag luam tsheb thauj khoom tau siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau ntau xyoo los txhim kho aerodynamics thiab roj kev lag luam. Muaj kev hloov pauv tseem nyob hauv kev tsim tsheb hnyav uas yuav suav nrog kev txhim kho aerodynamics thiab txo qhov hnyav. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsim los txo qis aerodynamic luag. Nws tau kwv yees tias cov qauv tsim tshiab ua nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj txuag tau txog $ 50 billion ib xyoos.

 

Aircraft, Aerospace thiab Defense

Saib thoob plaws lub spectrum los ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau, tub rog aircraft, tso tsheb thiab orbital spacecraft, carbon fiber composites ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom tau raws li cov hom phiaj kev ua tau zoo. Composites engineering tau tsim tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw no thiab cov kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub tau tshaj tawm. Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tau muab faib rau kev faib ua tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv qib siab thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam arena, kaum ob ntsug nqa-tawm (VTOL) hluav taws xob aircraft tam sim no tau txais ntawv pov thawj los yog tab tom txhim kho. Tag nrho cov dav hlau tshiab no siv cov pa roj carbon sib xyaw ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.

 

Cov khoom siv ncaws pob

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau muaj nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb cov khoom ua si vim nws lub zog thiab lub teeb yuag. Qhov no suav nrog: hockey sticks, tennis racquets, archery bows, golf clubs thiab nuv ntses ncej, skis, snowboards, wakeboards, kitboards thiab ntawv ci boards. Txhua tus siv carbon fiber nrog rau rowing shells thiab tsheb kauj vab.

 

Tshuaj kho mob

Kev kho mob yog lwm qhov kev lag luam uas carbon fiber tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv xyoo tas los no. Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog pob tshab hauv X- cov duab hluav taws xob, uas tau ua rau nws siv ntau yam ntawm X-ray thiab cov khoom siv duab. Cov pa roj carbon fiber kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov ceg tawv, uas muaj zog, lub teeb, thiab nyiam hnav thiab siv.